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In the Git codebase, we can start from the v2.37.0 reference and follow the links to each kind of Git object.
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In addition to specifying a reference by its full name, such as refs/tags/v2.37.0, we can sometimes use short names, such as v2.37.0 where appropriate. Now that we have a reference store, we can navigate into the object store from some human-readable names. In the reference store, the reference name is the primary key. For now, think of the reference store as a two-column table with columns for the reference name and the object ID. git/refs/ directory and has its own advanced way of storing and querying references efficiently. The reference store mainly exists in the. Upon first encountering content-addressable data stores, it is natural to ask, “How can we access an object by hash if we don’t already know its content?” We first need to have some starting points to navigate into the object store, and from there we can follow links between objects that exist in the structure of the object data.įirst, Git has references that allow you to create named pointers to keys in the object database. The object ID is the hash of the object content and acts like a primary key. In this way, the object store is like a database table with two columns: the object ID and the object content. It is a content-addressable data store, meaning that we can retrieve the contents of an object by providing a hash of those contents. git/objects directory is called the object store. git/objects directory that contains your Git objects. In your local Git repositories, your data is stored in the.
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Feel free to skip ahead if you know this, or you can dig deep into Git’s object model if you’re interested. Let’s start with a quick overview of the important Git objects.

They combine in interesting ways to create the larger structure. These are the “atoms” of your Git repository. The most fundamental concepts in Git are Git objects.

Specifically, we will learn about Git’s object store and how it uses packfiles to compress data that would otherwise contain redundant information. Today, let’s dig into the basics of what data Git stores and how it accesses that data. These aspects lead to very specialized data storage and access patterns. Git’s data types are more restrictive than a typical application database.

While many application databases use long-running processes with significant amounts of in-memory caching, Git uses short-lived processes and uses the filesystem to persist data between executions. People use Git to store many other kinds of data, such as documentation, web pages, or configuration files.
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Git was built to store plain-text source code files, where most change are small enough to read in a single sitting, even if the codebase contains millions of lines. While these concepts are common to all databases, Git is particularly specialized.
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When building software based on an application database system, it’s easy to get started without knowing any of the internals. Almost all applications use a database to persist and query data. Git’s architecture follows patterns that may be familiar to developers, except the patterns come from a different context. That’s what drives me to be interested in and contribute to Git. It might also be interesting because you love data structures and algorithms. In this five-part blog post series, we will illuminate Git’s internals to help you collaborate via Git, especially at scale.

This works in the vast majority of use cases, but what happens when we need to do something new with Git? Knowing more about Git’s internals helps when exploring those new solutions. For many, this is done by following some well-worn steps and sticking to that pattern. It is the medium that allows us to share code, work independently on our own machines, and then finally combine our efforts into a common understanding.
